Endogenous Hormones and Other Biomarkers
Estrogens play important roles in the pathophysiology of breast tumors and are recognized causal factors in the etiology of breast cancer; this central insight has led to many of the available preventive and therapeutic interventions for breast cancer. Endogenous estrogens may also play causal roles in endometrial and ovarian cancers and could also be important in male reproductive cancers, such as male breast cancer, testicular cancer, and prostate cancer. Substantial inter-individual variability has been observed in levels of circulating and excreted estrogens and estrogen metabolites (jointly referred to as EM) among men, postmenopausal women, and premenopausal women. Because EM vary with respect to bioavailability, affinity to estrogen receptors, and mutagenic potential, investigators have hypothesized that variations in estrogen profiles may account for inter-individual differences in cancer risks. Until recently, it has been difficult to study this hypothesis in epidemiologic settings. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) method for measurement of estrogens and estrogen metabolites in urine (Xu et al., Anal Chem 2006;78:1553) and serum (Xu et al., Anal Chem 2007;79:7813) represents an important methodologic development because it provides an assay with characteristics that make it feasible for use in epidemiologic studies: high sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and scalability for high-throughput work.
Expanding on our research evaluating endogenous estrogens and estrogen metabolites and cancer risk, recent methodologic advances in the measurement of androgens and androgen metabolites as well as progesterone, pregnenolone, and progesterone metabolites in serum will facilitate epidemiologic studies to evaluate the role of principal estrogens, androgens and progesterone, together with their major metabolites, in cancer etiology.
Bone Density and Cancer Risk: A Follow-Up Study of Women in the Fracture Intervention Trial (BFIT)
A retrospective cohort study that uses data from the FIT clinical trial to evaluate how bone mineral density of the hip is related to subsequent cancer risk; including a nested case-cohort study of circulating sex steroid hormones in relation to breast, endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancer risk
Breast Cancer Case-Control Study in Poland
A population-based case-control study of breast cancer in Poland that combines state-of-the art techniques of exposure assessment and collection of biological specimens
Breast Radiology Evaluation and Study of Tissues (BREAST) Stamp Project
A study that aims to characterize the radiologic, histologic, and molecular features of dense breast tissue
Columbia, Missouri Serum Bank Follow-up Study
A study established as part of NCI's Biological Markers Project to identify serum markers for breast cancer
Serum Sex Steroids and Their Metabolites in Relation to Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer
A nested case-control study of endometrial and ovarian cancers assessing the roles of estrogens, estrogen metabolites, androgens, and androgen metabolites in the etiologies of these cancers
Testicular Cancer among Military Servicemen: the STEED Study
A case-control study of testicular cancer among military servicemen