Research Highlights - News Updates
Summaries of research conducted by DCEG investigators.
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Tool Estimates Colorectal Cancer Survival for Patients in Need of Organ Transplantation
The new web-based tool, developed by Dr. Eric Engels and colleagues, provides estimates that a colorectal cancer patient will not die from their cancer in the next five years, calculated both at the time of their cancer diagnosis and updated to accommodate the passage of time since their cancer diagnosis. The authors illustrate how these probabilities can inform organ transplant guidelines and help clinicians decide when it is safe to offer a transplant for individual patients with a history of colorectal cancer.
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Ancestry-adjusted Model to Facilitate Patient Engagement in Lung Cancer Prevention
A new ancestry-adjusted risk prediction model, Genomic-informed Care for Motivating High Risk Individuals Eligible for Evidence-based Prevention (GREAT), may aid patients in decision-making around lung cancer prevention. The model and its performance are described in a paper published November 8, 2024, in the journal eBioMedicine.
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HPV Single-Dose Protection: JNCI Monograph Summarizes the Evidence
Aimée Kreimer and fellow guest editors published, “State of the Science of Single-Dose Prophylactic HPV Vaccination,” a Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monograph comprised of 13 studies which together update the state of the science on single-dose HPV vaccination since World Health Organization’s recommendation in 2022 of an alternative single-dose schedule.
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Physical Activity, Metabolic Adaptation, and Risk of Breast Cancer
A new study by Dr. Eleanor Watts and investigators in the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch explores how physical activity influences metabolic pathways and how these changes might lower breast cancer risk. Higher physical activity was associated with a broad range of metabolic adaptations, highlighting potential role of fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer prevention.
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Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Melanocytic Tumors
A multidisciplinary panel of experts, convened by the Children’s Oncology Group, has published consensus guidelines for diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of pediatric melanocytic tumors.
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Single Cell Atlas Characterizes Mechanisms of Lung Cancer Risk Variants
Multiple genetic loci are associated with lung cancer risk, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Dr. Jiyeon Choi from the Laboratory of Translational Genomics and her colleagues analyzed normal lung cells from ever- and never-smokers using single-cell multiomics. The data highlighted cell-type-specific gene regulation underlying lung cancer susceptibility.
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Genomic Landscape of Sebaceous Tumors
Dr. Michael Sargen, in collaboration with investigators in the Center for Cancer Research, compared the genomic landscape of benign and malignant sebaceous tumors to identify molecular changes that could potentially be diagnostic biomarkers or targeted for therapy.
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Somatic Mutations in Routinely Collected Cervical Cells Associated with Infection Outcome and HPV Type
Investigators in the Clinical Genetics Branch, led by senior investigator Lisa Mirabello and former research fellow Maísa Pinheiro, used deep targeted sequencing to look for hotspot somatic driver mutations resulting from persistent infection with one of the three most carcinogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV types 16, 18, and 45) in cells collected during routine screening for cervical cancer. These mutations may serve as a clinically meaningful biomarker of carcinogenesis in individuals with persistent HPV infection.
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Genes Associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma Investigated
Researchers led by Dr. Diptavo Dutta conducted transcriptome- and proteome-wide association studies to increase understanding of genes and proteins associated with renal cell carcinoma and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Life Course Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Associated with Premature Mortality
In an analysis led by Dr. Wayne Lawrence and colleagues, using data from 12,610 Black and White men and women living in the United States, low neighborhood socioeconomic status experienced during young to middle adulthood was associated with higher risk of premature mortality. The relationship was most pronounced among women.
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Comprehensive Literature Review Confirms Etiologic Heterogeneity by Breast Cancer Subtype
Dr. Amber Hurson and colleagues found evidence to support etiologic heterogeneity by estrogen receptor (ER) subtype for some risk factors, which was consistent across racial and ethnic groups in a qualitative, scoping review of literature published between 1990-2022.
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Fusion Genes Linked to Metastasis after Thyroid Cancer
Patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas, the most common thyroid cancer, driven by gene fusions are more likely to present with cervical lymph node metastases at diagnosis than those with PTCs driven by point mutations, study finds.
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Researchers Identify Rare Cancers Possibly Caused by Viruses
Investigators in the Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, led by Drs. Cameron Haas and Eric Engels, identified several rare cancers not known to be caused by a virus, for which people with a compromised immune system had a higher risk, providing strong evidence that these cancers could be caused by an infectious agent.
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Acrylonitrile Exposure at Work Associated with Significant Risk to Workers
Dr. Alexander Keil and colleagues used novel methods to correct for healthy worker bias in this large study of workers exposed to acrylonitrile. Their findings suggest previous reports of the association with lung cancer mortality may have been underestimated.
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Tumor Genetic Signatures May Help Explain Global Kidney Cancer Rates: Cancer Currents
Stephen Chanock was featured in the latest Cancer Currents: An NCI Cancer Research Blog post, which covers the latest study on global kidney tumor mutational signatures.
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How Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tools Work: Cancer Currents
The latest Cancer Currents: An NCI Cancer Research Blog post features DCEG researchers, Drs. Ruth Pfeiffer and Peter Kraft, who discuss how breast cancer risk assessment tools are created and how people can use them to understand and manage their risk.
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Taking Daily Multivitamin Not Associated with Lower Risk of Death
The latest NCI Media Advisory featured research led by Erikka Loftfield, investigator in the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch (MEB), which showed that daily multivitamin use was not associated with lower risk of death.
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Connect for Cancer Prevention: Update on the Cohort
The Connect for Cancer Prevention Study is a new prospective cohort seeking to enroll 200,000 adults in the United States. Connect is designed to further investigate the etiology of cancer and its outcomes, which may inform new approaches in precision prevention and early detection. We will update the research community as to the progress of Connect across multiple topics of interest.
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Power of Cohorts: Public Health Advances from Prospective Cohort Studies
Prospective cohort studies have informed our understanding of cancer, directing scientific inquiries in basic and clinical laboratory science, as well as translational studies and treatment trials, and led to the development of guidelines and regulatory actions to protect public health. Learn about the different DCEG cohort studies based in the United States and the major accomplishments they have achieved to date.
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Mosaic Loss of Chromosome X in Older Women Influenced by Inherited Factors
NCI Media Advisory features DCEG research which identified inherited genetic variants that may predict loss of X chromosome in older women (mLOX).